C++ 01: Introduction to C++

Introduction 

C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Laboratories over a period starting in 1979. Since C++ is an attempt to add object-oriented features (plus other improvements) to C, earlier it was called as “C with Objects”. As the language developed, Stroustrup named it as C++ in 1983.

C++ Program Structure

Preprocessor Commands            ---->Header Files

global declaration                        ---->Global Variables

main()

{

        ......

        ......

}

#include --> Provide Header files to the compilers

#define  -->  Used to define macros.

Console Input Output Objects

cout - <<Insertion Operator to print on screen

cin -   >>Extraction Operator to take input

Simple Program to Demonstrate :

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

main(){

    cout<<"Welcome to C++ \n";

    cout<<"Tutorial on C++"<<endl;

    

}

Important Terms:

Function/Object	Descript
cout	The Object cout is used with an insertion operator (<<) to send and recive a message or output of a program or a value of a variable to screen. In simple words, cout is used to display any message or standard output to the screen. This object is available in the header file <iostream.h> Syntax:           cout<<”message”; cout<<variable_name;
cin	The object cin is used within an extraction operator (>>) to read the input entered from the keyboard by the user and place the data in the appropriate variable. This object is available in the header file <iostream.h> Syntax: ·        cin>>variable1>>variable2>>..;
void clrscr();	This function is used to clesr the screen output. It is defined in the conio.h header file.
int getch();	This function get’s a charcter from console. It is defined in the header file conio.h
“\n” or <<endl;	It print a new line characters. In simple words we can say that it encounters an end of line.